{"generatedAt":"2026-10-09T01:08:15.249Z","count":286,"works":[{"slug":"twelve-years-a-slave","title":"12 Years a Slave","author":"Solomon Northup","year":"1853","sortYear":1853,"era":"19th-century","genre":"memoir","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["race-slavery","justice-law","war-violence","identity-self","family","power-politics","illness-body","language-storytelling"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["trauma-shell-shock","war-wounds","pain","starvation-nutrition","pharmacology-poisons","sexuality-medicalized","childbirth-maternal","death-dying","medical-ethics","mind-body"],"blurb":"12 Years a Slave narrates Solomon Northup's kidnapping from freedom into slavery and his eventual restoration to his family. 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Travelling as far as the river boats will take him, he arrives at a leproserie deep in the Belgian Congo run by a community of missionary fathers and by Dr Colin, an atheist physician devoted to his patients.","lessonTitles":["Usefulness can precede belief","The danger of being made into a symbol","Burnout as a metaphor with limits"],"comparisons":["heart-of-darkness","the-power-and-the-glory","fathers-and-sons","the-quiet-american","the-death-of-ivan-ilyich"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"graham-greene","caption":"Portrait of Graham Greene.","credit":"FOTO:Fortepan — ID 84697 : Adományozó/Donor: Magyar Hírek folyóirat. archive copy at the Wayback Machine; CC BY-SA 3.0.","media":{"subject":"Graham Greene","title":"Graham Greene angol író, 1975 Fortepan 84697","creator":"FOTO:Fortepan — ID 84697 : Adományozó/Donor: Magyar Hírek folyóirat. archive copy at the Wayback Machine","date":"1975","medium/type":"photograph","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Graham_Greene_angol_%C3%ADr%C3%B3%2C_1975_Fortepan_84697.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Graham_Greene_angol_%C3%ADr%C3%B3,_1975_Fortepan_84697.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"http://www.fortepan.hu/_photo/download/fortepan_84697.jpg archive copy at the Wayback Machine","localPath":"site/public/portraits/graham-greene.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q128560; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/a-burnt-out-case.json","url":"/works/a-burnt-out-case/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/254517936497","status":"ready"},{"slug":"a-christmas-carol","title":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","year":"1843","sortYear":1843,"era":"19th-century","genre":"novella","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["money-wealth","class-society","memory-time","the-supernatural","death-mortality","family","virtue-ethics"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["disability-deformity","starvation-nutrition","public-health-sanitation","mind-body","dreams-nightmares","death-dying","grief"],"blurb":"A Christmas Carol. 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Years earlier, when Torvald was gravely ill and doctors advised a year in Italy, Nora secretly borrowed the money from the lawyer Krogstad, forging her dying father's signature as guarantor.","lessonTitles":["A marriage can be a performance","Respectability can conceal harm","Truth-telling has a cost"],"comparisons":["effi-briest","the-portrait-of-a-lady","washington-square","death-of-a-salesman","the-misanthrope-and-other-plays"],"quoteCount":3,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #70566/#70577/#74237","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/70566 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/70577 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74237","translator":"William Archer, Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Edmund Gosse","translationYear":1906},"portrait":{"ref":"henrik-ibsen","caption":"Portrait of Henrik Ibsen.","credit":"Gustav Borgen; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Henrik Ibsen","title":"Henrik Ibsen by Gustav Borgen NFB-19778","creator":"Gustav Borgen","date":"1898","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Henrik_Ibsen_by_Gustav_Borgen_NFB-19778.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henrik_Ibsen_by_Gustav_Borgen_NFB-19778.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Gustav Borgen","localPath":"site/public/portraits/henrik-ibsen.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q36661; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays.json","url":"/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/266772404838","status":"ready"},{"slug":"a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories","title":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories","author":"Flannery O'Connor","year":"1955","sortYear":1955,"era":"postwar-contemporary","genre":"short-stories","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":["classical-11th"],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","guilt-sin","war-violence","class-society","innocence-experience"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["disability-deformity","trauma-shell-shock","pain","death-dying"],"blurb":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories gathers Flannery O'Connor's early fiction around Southern households where manners, piety, resentment, and violence collide. In the title story, a grandmother's nostalgia and manipulations help divert a family trip toward the Misfit, whose murders expose both her shallow goodness and her final reach toward kinship.","lessonTitles":["A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories: formed attention","A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories: order and disorder","A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories: body and soul"],"comparisons":["the-scarlet-letter","crime-and-punishment"],"quoteCount":0,"path":"content/works/a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories.json","url":"/works/a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"logical-calculus-of-ideas-immanent-in-nervous-activity","title":"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity","author":"Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts","year":"1943","sortYear":1943,"era":"computing","genre":"computing","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["science-knowledge","technology-modernity","illness-body","identity-self","doubt-meaning","education"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["mind-body","psychology-unconscious","dementia-memory","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity is a short paper with a long afterlife. 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The thesis made a decisive engineering move: it showed that Boolean algebra could describe and simplify relay circuits.","lessonTitles":["Meaning can be bracketed for a purpose","Noise is part of the model","A formal language can migrate"],"comparisons":["laws-of-thought","cybernetics","as-we-may-think","destruction-and-creation-and-the-ooda-loop"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"claude-shannon","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Claude Shannon.","credit":"Jacobs, Konrad; CC BY-SA 2.0 de.","media":{"subject":"Claude Shannon","title":"ClaudeShannon MFO3807","creator":"Jacobs, Konrad","date":"2015-12-02","medium/type":"photograph","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0 de","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/de/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/ClaudeShannon_MFO3807.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ClaudeShannon_MFO3807.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"https://opc.mfo.de/detail?photo_id=3807","localPath":"site/public/portraits/claude-shannon.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q92760; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/mathematical-theory-of-communication.json","url":"/works/mathematical-theory-of-communication/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"a-midsummer-nights-dream","title":"A Midsummer Night's Dream","author":"William Shakespeare","year":"c. 1595","sortYear":1595,"era":"renaissance-early-modern","genre":"drama","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":["classical-10th"],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["love-desire","marriage","the-supernatural","art-creation","madness-mind","identity-self"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["altered-states","dreams-nightmares","madness-psychosis","sleep-insomnia"],"blurb":"A Midsummer Night's Dream begins in Athens with a legal crisis: Egeus demands that Hermia marry Demetrius, while Hermia loves Lysander and faces punishment under Theseus's law. The lovers flee into the wood, followed by Demetrius and Helena, and the play transfers civic conflict into a night world governed by Oberon, Titania, Puck, and the flower whose juice alters desire.","lessonTitles":["A Midsummer Night's Dream: formed attention","A Midsummer Night's Dream: order and disorder","A Midsummer Night's Dream: body and soul"],"comparisons":["twelfth-night","macbeth"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/a-midsummer-nights-dream.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #1514","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1514","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/a-midsummer-nights-dream.json","url":"/works/a-midsummer-nights-dream/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"a-modest-proposal","title":"A Modest Proposal","author":"Jonathan Swift","year":"1729","sortYear":1729,"era":"18th-century","genre":"satire","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":["classical-11th"],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["satire-folly","class-society","power-politics","justice-law"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["starvation-nutrition","public-health-sanitation","childbirth-maternal","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"A Modest Proposal is Swift's savage 1729 pamphlet on Irish poverty under British rule, written in the voice of a projector who treats hunger, tenancy, children, and mothers as items in a national account. The speaker begins with beggars and starving children in Dublin streets, then adopts the language of calculation: numbers of infants, costs of nursing, market value, culinary uses, and benefits to landlords.","lessonTitles":["A Modest Proposal: formed attention","A Modest Proposal: order and disorder","A Modest Proposal: body and soul"],"comparisons":["gullivers-travels","the-communist-manifesto"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/a-modest-proposal.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #1080","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1080","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/a-modest-proposal.json","url":"/works/a-modest-proposal/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793","title":"A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia","author":"Richard Allen and Absalom Jones","year":"1794","sortYear":1794,"era":"18th-century","genre":"history","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["race-slavery","illness-body","justice-law","faith-religion","class-society","death-mortality"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["plague-epidemic","fever-infection","nursing-caregiving","public-health-sanitation","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia is one of the most important public-health and Black-authored documents of the early United States. Written by Richard Allen and Absalom Jones after the devastating yellow fever epidemic of 1793, it answers Mathew Carey's published accusations that Black Philadelphians profited from disaster or behaved badly during the crisis.","lessonTitles":["Epidemic memory is contested","Racial myths can allocate risk","Care labor deserves testimony"],"comparisons":["medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind","early-black-church-sermons"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793.txt","source":"Internet Archive 2559020R.nlm.nih.gov","sourceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/2559020R.nlm.nih.gov","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793.json","url":"/works/narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"a-treatise-of-human-nature","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","year":"1739-1740","sortYear":1739,"era":"18th-century","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["science-knowledge","identity-self","doubt-meaning","madness-mind","virtue-ethics","isolation-alienation"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["melancholia-depression","neurosis-anxiety","madness-psychosis","psychology-unconscious","mind-body","philosophy-as-therapy","humoral-medicine","dementia-memory"],"blurb":"Hume subtitled his first book 'an attempt to introduce the experimental method of reasoning into moral subjects', and he meant it literally: as Newton had explained the heavens by a few observed principles, Hume would explain belief, emotion and morality by a few principles of the mind. 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The Quangels live in a tenement at 55 Jablonski Strasse with neighbours who represent the range of life under Nazism: the Persickes, a family of brutal Party loyalists; old Frau Rosenthal, a Jewish widow whose flat is looted and who is hounded until she jumps to her death; and retired judge Fromm, who quietly helps where he can.","lessonTitles":["Small resistance still matters","Terror works through ordinary people","The persecutor is also a prisoner"],"comparisons":["chess","we","testament-of-youth","the-last-days-of-socrates"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"hans-fallada","caption":"Portrait of Hans Fallada.","credit":"e.o.plauen, das ist Erich Ohser; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Hans Fallada","title":"Erich Ohser Hans Fallada 1943","creator":"e.o.plauen, das ist Erich Ohser","date":"1943","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Erich_Ohser_Hans_Fallada_1943.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erich_Ohser_Hans_Fallada_1943.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Süddeutsche Zeitung, 21. 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It is his deliberate second attempt at the material of Book I of the Treatise, written, he said, so that the argument would no longer fail through its manner.","lessonTitles":["Proportion belief to the weight of the evidence","Every argument from experience rests on an unproven assumption","Freedom does not require exemption from causes","Doubt should be moderate enough to live with"],"comparisons":["a-treatise-of-human-nature","dialogues-concerning-natural-religion","critique-of-pure-reason","novum-organum","meditations-on-first-philosophy","the-varieties-of-religious-experience"],"quoteCount":11,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #9662","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/9662","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"david-hume","caption":"Portrait of David Hume.","credit":"Allan Ramsay; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"David Hume","title":"David Hume","creator":"Allan Ramsay","date":"1766","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"National Galleries Scotland","localPath":"site/public/portraits/david-hume.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q37160; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding.json","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","year":"1689","sortYear":1689,"era":"renaissance-early-modern","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["science-knowledge","identity-self","madness-mind","education","language-storytelling","memory-time","faith-religion"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["madness-psychosis","obsession-monomania","psychology-unconscious","grief","dementia-memory","alcohol","opium-laudanum","pharmacology-poisons","trauma-shell-shock","physicians-doctors","neurosis-anxiety","asylum-institution"],"blurb":"Locke says in the Epistle to the Reader that the Essay began when five or six friends meeting in his rooms found themselves at a standstill over questions of morality and revealed religion, and he proposed that they first examine what objects human understanding is fitted to deal with. Nearly twenty years later the result was a long, patient survey of where ideas come from, how they combine, how words signify them and how far knowledge and probable belief can reach.","lessonTitles":["Experience writes on a mind that begins blank","A person reaches as far as memory and consciousness reach","Chance associations can feel like nature","Most of life runs on probability, so judge assent by grounds"],"comparisons":["a-treatise-of-human-nature","meditations-on-first-philosophy","second-treatise-of-government","leviathan","the-principles-of-psychology","novum-organum"],"quoteCount":12,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #10615","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10615","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"john-locke","caption":"Portrait of John Locke.","credit":"Godfrey Kneller; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"John Locke","title":"Portrait of John Locke","creator":"Godfrey Kneller","date":"1697","medium/type":"portrait","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/JohnLocke.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JohnLocke.png","institution":"","creditLine":"State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.","localPath":"site/public/portraits/john-locke.png","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q9353; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding.json","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"laws-of-thought","title":"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought","author":"George Boole","year":"1854","sortYear":1854,"era":"computing","genre":"computing","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["science-knowledge","technology-modernity","language-storytelling","doubt-meaning","faith-religion","education"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["mind-body","psychology-unconscious","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought is George Boole's attempt to express logic, probability, and reasoning in mathematical form. The book begins from a bold premise: the operations of the mind in reasoning can be studied through symbols and laws analogous to those of algebra.","lessonTitles":["Logic can become an instrument","Binary simplicity can carry complex worlds","Formal systems still rest on interpretation"],"comparisons":["mathematical-theory-of-communication","notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine","an-essay-concerning-human-understanding","novum-organum"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/laws-of-thought.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #15114 (text of the PG PDF via Internet Archive aninvestigationo15114gut)","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15114","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/laws-of-thought.json","url":"/works/laws-of-thought/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"as-we-may-think","title":"As We May Think","author":"Vannevar Bush","year":"1945","sortYear":1945,"era":"computing","genre":"essays","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["science-knowledge","technology-modernity","memory-time","education","language-storytelling","war-violence"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["dementia-memory","mind-body","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"As We May Think is a speculative essay about the problem of intellectual abundance. Written at the end of World War II, it asks what scientists should do when their wartime energies turn toward peace and when the record of human knowledge has grown too large for traditional methods of indexing, filing, and retrieval.","lessonTitles":["Information overload is an old modern problem","Tools should honor human association","Peace can inherit wartime machinery"],"comparisons":["notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine","mathematical-theory-of-communication","an-essay-concerning-human-understanding","cybernetics"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"vannevar-bush","caption":"Portrait of Vannevar Bush.","credit":"Harris & Ewing; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Vannevar Bush","title":"Vannevar Bush, 1938, Harris & Ewing (cropped)","creator":"Harris & Ewing","date":"1938","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Vannevar_Bush%2C_1938%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vannevar_Bush,_1938,_Harris_%26_Ewing_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"MIT Museum, GCP-00003581","localPath":"site/public/portraits/vannevar-bush.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q299595; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/as-we-may-think.json","url":"/works/as-we-may-think/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard","title":"Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack","author":"Benjamin Franklin","year":"1732-1790","sortYear":1732,"era":"18th-century","genre":"memoir","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["education","virtue-ethics","money-wealth","science-knowledge","identity-self","class-society"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["public-health-sanitation","philosophy-as-therapy","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"Franklin's Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack present the founding era through self-fashioning, practical wisdom, and the culture of improvement. The Autobiography narrates Franklin's movement from Boston apprentice to Philadelphia printer, civic organizer, scientist, and public man.","lessonTitles":["Character can be engineered","Usefulness becomes a civic ideal","Self-making is never solitary"],"comparisons":["the-founding-documents","the-principles-of-psychology","medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #148/#43855; Internet Archive poorrichardsalma00franrich","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/148 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43855 ; https://archive.org/details/poorrichardsalma00franrich","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"benjamin-franklin","caption":"Portrait of Benjamin Franklin.","credit":"Joseph-Siffred Duplessis; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Benjamin Franklin","title":"Benjamin Franklin","creator":"Joseph-Siffred Duplessis","date":"circa 1785","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"ZgEyj5EEKdux-g at Google Cultural Institute maximum zoom level","localPath":"site/public/portraits/benjamin-franklin.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q34969; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard.json","url":"/works/franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"beowulf","title":"Beowulf","author":"Anonymous","year":"c. 8th-11th century","sortYear":900,"era":"medieval","genre":"epic","originalLanguage":"Old English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":["classical-9th"],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["heroism","honor-shame","death-mortality","faith-religion","war-violence","fate-free-will"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["war-wounds","aging-senescence","grief","death-dying"],"blurb":"Beowulf remembers a northern heroic world through three combats that join glory to mortality. 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The preface opens by supposing that truth is a woman and that dogmatic philosophers, with their clumsy seriousness, have never known how to win her.","lessonTitles":["A philosophy can be read as a symptom of its philosopher","The 'I' that thinks is an inference from grammar","Moral values have histories, and their history is not innocent","Suffering is to be interpreted, not only abolished"],"comparisons":["thus-spoke-zarathustra","the-birth-of-tragedy","the-world-as-will-and-representation","civilization-and-its-discontents","meditations-on-first-philosophy","the-varieties-of-religious-experience","essays-and-aphorisms"],"quoteCount":14,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/beyond-good-and-evil.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #4363","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4363","translator":"Helen Zimmern","translationYear":1906},"portrait":{"ref":"friedrich-nietzsche","caption":"Portrait of Friedrich Nietzsche.","credit":"Friedrich Hermann Hartmann; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Friedrich Nietzsche","title":"Nietzsche187a","creator":"Friedrich Hermann Hartmann","date":"circa 1875","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Nietzsche187a.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nietzsche187a.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/04/10/0b/04100baec90c105729b47f33c371476b.jpg","localPath":"site/public/portraits/friedrich-nietzsche.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q9358; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/beyond-good-and-evil.json","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"billy-budd-and-other-stories","title":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","year":"1924 (written 1886–1891); stories 1850s","sortYear":1891,"era":"19th-century","genre":"collection","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["justice-law","innocence-experience","isolation-alienation","race-slavery","crime-punishment","power-politics","doubt-meaning"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["melancholia-depression","starvation-nutrition","asylum-institution","disability-deformity","madness-psychosis","trauma-shell-shock","physicians-doctors","death-dying","psychology-unconscious"],"blurb":"This collection pairs Melville's posthumous novella Billy Budd, Sailor with the best of the short fiction he published in magazines in the 1850s, usually including Bartleby, the Scrivener, Benito Cereno and The Encantadas (contents vary by edition). Bartleby (1853) is narrated by a comfortable Wall Street lawyer who hires a pale, quiet copyist.","lessonTitles":["Law and justice can diverge","Perception is shaped by prejudice","Refusal as a mystery"],"comparisons":["lord-jim","the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket","twelve-years-a-slave","heart-of-darkness","the-new-york-trilogy","the-last-days-of-socrates"],"quoteCount":6,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/billy-budd-and-other-stories.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #76513/#15859","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/76513 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15859","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"herman-melville","caption":"Portrait of Herman Melville.","credit":"Joseph Oriel Eaton; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Herman Melville","title":"Herman Melville by Joseph O Eaton","creator":"Joseph Oriel Eaton","date":"May 1870","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Herman_Melville_by_Joseph_O_Eaton.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herman_Melville_by_Joseph_O_Eaton.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Houghton Library - Harvard University - Modern Books and Manuscripts","localPath":"site/public/portraits/herman-melville.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q4985; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories.json","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/256658719995","status":"ready"},{"slug":"black-beauty","title":"Black Beauty","author":"Anna Sewell","year":"1877","sortYear":1877,"era":"19th-century","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["animals","virtue-ethics","class-society","education","stoicism-endurance","money-wealth"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["alcohol","physicians-doctors","nursing-caregiving","pain","disability-deformity","fever-infection","bloodletting"],"blurb":"Black Beauty: His Grooms and Companions, subtitled 'The Autobiography of a Horse', is narrated by a handsome black horse with a white star and one white foot. 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Based on the Gulstonian Lectures, the book brings Victorian psychiatry, physiology, and evolutionary thought into one frame.","lessonTitles":["Body and Mind teaches historical caution","Body and Mind links evidence and authority","Body and Mind complicates mind and body","Body and Mind warns against easy progress stories"],"comparisons":["the-descent-of-man","the-principles-of-psychology","mental-pathology-and-therapeutics","civilization-and-its-discontents"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/body-and-mind.txt","source":"Internet Archive/Google scan of the 1871 edition","sourceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/bodyandmindanin00maudgoog","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/body-and-mind.json","url":"/works/body-and-mind/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"butterfield-8","title":"BUtterfield 8","author":"John O'Hara","year":"1935","sortYear":1935,"era":"early-20th-century","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["love-desire","class-society","gender-women","money-wealth","isolation-alienation","death-mortality"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["alcohol","trauma-shell-shock","sexuality-medicalized","death-dying","suicide"],"blurb":"BUtterfield 8, named for a fashionable Manhattan telephone exchange, is set in New York in 1931, in the last years of Prohibition and the early Depression, among speakeasies, apartment hotels and the blurred borderland between respectable society and its demimonde. Its central figure is Gloria Wandrous, a beautiful, intelligent young woman who drinks heavily, sleeps with men who interest her and lives partly on their generosity, while refusing to see herself as a kept woman or a prostitute.","lessonTitles":["Respectability depends on whom it excludes","Early harm shapes later lives","Fiction drawn from headlines"],"comparisons":["on-the-road","the-portable-dorothy-parker","passing","daisy-miller"],"quoteCount":0,"path":"content/works/butterfield-8.json","url":"/works/butterfield-8/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/267738997072","status":"ready"},{"slug":"candide","title":"Candide: Or Optimism","author":"Voltaire","year":"1759","sortYear":1759,"era":"18th-century","genre":"satire","originalLanguage":"French","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["satire-folly","doubt-meaning","faith-religion","travel-journey","utopia-dystopia","war-violence","race-slavery","education"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["syphilis-venereal","quackery-charlatans","physicians-doctors","disability-deformity","war-wounds","pain","death-dying"],"blurb":"Candide, ou l'Optimisme follows a guileless young man raised in the castle of the Baron of Thunder-ten-tronckh in Westphalia, where the tutor Pangloss teaches that this is the best of all possible worlds and that everything is for the best. Candide is kicked out of the castle for kissing the Baron's daughter Cunégonde behind a screen, and the rest of the tale tests Pangloss's doctrine against an avalanche of catastrophe.","lessonTitles":["Systems can blind us to suffering","Work as an answer to despair","Satire as moral argument"],"comparisons":["gullivers-travels","persian-letters","don-quixote","twelve-years-a-slave","meditations"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/candide.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #19942","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19942","translator":"Tobias Smollett","translationYear":1759},"portrait":{"ref":"voltaire","caption":"Portrait of Voltaire.","credit":"Nicolas de Largillière; CC0.","media":{"subject":"Voltaire","title":"French: Portrait de Voltaire (1694-1778) en 1718 Voltaire the age of twenty-four (?)","creator":"Nicolas de Largillière","date":"from 1718 until 1724","medium/type":"portrait","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re_-_Portrait_de_Voltaire_%281694-1778%29_en_1718_-_P208_-_mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_-_5_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re_-_Portrait_de_Voltaire_(1694-1778)_en_1718_-_P208_-_mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_-_5_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Nicolas de Largillière","localPath":"site/public/portraits/voltaire.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q9068; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/candide.json","url":"/works/candide/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/276430999886","status":"ready"},{"slug":"cannery-row","title":"Cannery Row","author":"John Steinbeck","year":"1945","sortYear":1945,"era":"early-20th-century","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["friendship","class-society","nature-landscape","isolation-alienation","virtue-ethics","satire-folly"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["plague-epidemic","nursing-caregiving","disability-deformity","asylum-institution","suicide","alcohol","death-dying","physicians-doctors"],"blurb":"Cannery Row is a loosely plotted, affectionate portrait of the sardine-cannery district of Monterey, California, during the Depression, built from short narrative chapters alternating with self-contained vignettes or 'inter-chapters'. Its centre is Doc, a gentle, learned marine biologist who runs the Western Biological Laboratory, collects specimens from the tide pools, listens to Gregorian chant and Bach, reads poetry, and is trusted by everyone on the Row.","lessonTitles":["A community can be judged by its kindness","Seeing like a naturalist","Good intentions are not enough"],"comparisons":["of-mice-and-men","east-of-eden","on-the-road","white-nights"],"quoteCount":1,"portrait":{"ref":"john-steinbeck","caption":"Portrait of John Steinbeck.","credit":"McFadden Publications, Inc.; no photographer credited; photo likely the work of Sonya Noskowiak, as Steinbeck is wearing the same clothes from her 1935 studio session that produced the work shown here: https://www.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.74; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"John Steinbeck","title":"John Steinbeck 1939 (cropped)","creator":"McFadden Publications, Inc.; no photographer credited; photo likely the work of Sonya Noskowiak, as Steinbeck is wearing the same clothes from her 1935 studio session that produced the work shown here: https://www.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.74","date":"1939-11","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/John_Steinbeck_1939_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Steinbeck_1939_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Photoplay , November 1939 (page 22) Photograph is flipped horizontally for magazine publication","localPath":"site/public/portraits/john-steinbeck.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q39212; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/cannery-row.json","url":"/works/cannery-row/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/287594565491","status":"ready"},{"slug":"centesimus-annus","title":"Centesimus Annus","author":"John Paul II","year":"1991","sortYear":1991,"era":"postwar-contemporary","genre":"essays","originalLanguage":"Latin","copyrighted":true,"curricula":["classical-12th"],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["class-society","money-wealth","power-politics","faith-religion","justice-law","virtue-ethics"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["public-health-sanitation","starvation-nutrition","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"Centesimus Annus marks the hundredth anniversary of Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum and reads the social question through the upheavals of the twentieth century. John Paul II returns first to 1891: industrial labor, socialist agitation, private property, wages, association, and the rights of workers.","lessonTitles":["Centesimus Annus: formed attention","Centesimus Annus: order and disorder","Centesimus Annus: body and soul"],"comparisons":["the-communist-manifesto","the-art-of-the-commonplace"],"quoteCount":0,"path":"content/works/centesimus-annus.json","url":"/works/centesimus-annus/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"ceremony","title":"Ceremony","author":"Leslie Marmon Silko","year":"1977","sortYear":1977,"era":"postwar-contemporary","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","illness-body","madness-mind","language-storytelling","identity-self","nature-landscape","colonialism-empire","faith-religion"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["trauma-shell-shock","war-wounds","alcohol","asylum-institution","physicians-doctors","grief","ancient-medicine","mind-body","starvation-nutrition","sleep-insomnia","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"Ceremony follows Tayo, a young man of mixed Laguna and white ancestry, who returns to the Laguna Pueblo reservation in New Mexico after the Second World War deeply ill in body and mind. In the Philippines he fought alongside his cousin Rocky, the family's favoured son, and endured the Bataan Death March; Rocky died of his wounds during the march, and Tayo could not save him.","lessonTitles":["Healing must fit the illness","Stories make the world","Individual and communal health are linked"],"comparisons":["testament-of-youth","the-odyssey","the-iliad","the-bhagavad-gita","heart-of-darkness"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"leslie-marmon-silko","caption":"Portrait of Leslie Marmon Silko.","credit":"Uche Ogbuji from Superior, Colorado, USA; CC BY-SA 2.0.","media":{"subject":"Leslie Marmon Silko","title":"Headliner Leslie Marmon Silko at the banquet reading (6233509362)","creator":"Uche Ogbuji from Superior, Colorado, USA","date":"2011-03-01 02:59","medium/type":"photograph","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Headliner_Leslie_Marmon_Silko_at_the_banquet_reading_%286233509362%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Headliner_Leslie_Marmon_Silko_at_the_banquet_reading_(6233509362).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Headliner Leslie Marmon Silko at the banquet reading","localPath":"site/public/portraits/leslie-marmon-silko.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q273001; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/ceremony.json","url":"/works/ceremony/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/254517515126","status":"ready"},{"slug":"characters","title":"Characters","author":"Theophrastus","year":"c. 319 BCE","sortYear":-319,"era":"ancient","genre":"essays","originalLanguage":"Greek","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["satire-folly","class-society","virtue-ethics","language-storytelling","identity-self","education"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["psychology-unconscious","hypochondria","neurosis-anxiety","obsession-monomania","quackery-charlatans"],"blurb":"Characters is a collection of brief sketches of recognizable social types: the dissembler, flatterer, chatterer, boor, complaisant man, reckless man, tactless man, mean man, show-off, coward, oligarchic sympathizer, late learner, slanderer and many others. Each sketch begins with a definition and then offers small scenes in which the type reveals himself through repeated behavior.","lessonTitles":["Character appears in small habits","Typology clarifies and distorts","Comedy is social knowledge"],"comparisons":["plutarch-essays","gullivers-travels","the-satires-of-horace-and-persius"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/characters.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #58242","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/58242","translator":"Charles E. Bennett and William A. 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Aboard is the world chess champion Mirko Czentovic, a stolid, almost illiterate son of a poor Danube boatman who was raised by a village priest, revealed an uncanny talent for chess, and now plays mechanically and greedily for money, showing no curiosity about anything else.","lessonTitles":["The mind needs nourishment","Two kinds of monomania","Trauma returns under pressure"],"comparisons":["alone-in-berlin","the-count-of-monte-cristo","white-nights","the-new-york-trilogy"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"stefan-zweig","caption":"Portrait of Stefan Zweig.","credit":"Franz Xaver Setzer (1886-1939); Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Stefan Zweig","title":"Zweig Setzer 1927","creator":"Franz Xaver Setzer (1886-1939)","date":"1927","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Zweig_Setzer_1927.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zweig_Setzer_1927.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"https://www.information.dk/kultur/anmeldelse/2015/10/vigtigt-stridsskrift","localPath":"site/public/portraits/stefan-zweig.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q78491; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/chess.json","url":"/works/chess/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/397895859661","status":"ready"},{"slug":"city-of-god","title":"City of God","author":"Augustine of Hippo","year":"413–426 CE","sortYear":426,"era":"ancient","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"Latin","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","power-politics","doubt-meaning","death-mortality","guilt-sin","love-desire","justice-law"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["trauma-shell-shock","suicide","sexuality-medicalized","death-dying","grief","plague-epidemic","disability-deformity","philosophy-as-therapy","mind-body"],"blurb":"City of God is Augustine’s monumental argument that Rome’s disaster does not discredit Christianity and that human history must be understood through two loves. The immediate occasion is the sack of Rome by Alaric in 410, after which critics blamed Christians for weakening the old gods.","lessonTitles":["Political disaster is not ultimate meaning","Loves build cities","Suffering does not equal shame"],"comparisons":["confessions","the-history-of-the-church","the-republic"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/city-of-god.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #45304/#45305","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45304 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45305","translator":"Marcus Dods","translationYear":1871},"portrait":{"ref":"augustine-of-hippo","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Augustine of Hippo.","credit":"Philippe de Champaigne; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Augustine of Hippo","title":"Saint Augustine Alternative title: Saint Augustin","creator":"Philippe de Champaigne","date":"between circa 1645 and circa 1650","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Los Angeles County Museum of Art: online database: entry 171584","localPath":"site/public/portraits/augustine-of-hippo.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q8018; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/city-of-god.json","url":"/works/city-of-god/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"civilization-and-its-discontents","title":"Civilization and Its Discontents","author":"Sigmund Freud","year":"1930","sortYear":1930,"era":"early-20th-century","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"German","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["class-society","guilt-sin","war-violence","faith-religion","love-desire","madness-mind","technology-modernity"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["psychology-unconscious","addiction","alcohol","neurosis-anxiety","melancholia-depression","sexuality-medicalized","altered-states","philosophy-as-therapy","pain","aging-senescence","public-health-sanitation"],"blurb":"Freud's late essay, in German Das Unbehagen in der Kultur ('the uneasiness in culture'), asks why civilized people, who have built so much for their own protection, are so often unhappy. It is written in eight short chapters in a conversational, self-questioning style.","lessonTitles":["Every way of escaping suffering has a cost","Conscience grows harsher the more we obey it","Aggression does not disappear when property does","A diagnosis of a whole culture should be offered with caution"],"comparisons":["the-interpretation-of-dreams","leviathan","beyond-good-and-evil","the-varieties-of-religious-experience","the-social-contract","the-world-as-will-and-representation"],"quoteCount":2,"portrait":{"ref":"sigmund-freud","caption":"Portrait of Sigmund Freud.","credit":"Max Halberstadt; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Sigmund Freud","title":"Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt (cropped)","creator":"Max Halberstadt","date":"circa 1921","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud,_by_Max_Halberstadt_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=6116407","localPath":"site/public/portraits/sigmund-freud.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q9215; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/civilization-and-its-discontents.json","url":"/works/civilization-and-its-discontents/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"cold-comfort-farm","title":"Cold Comfort Farm","author":"Stella Gibbons","year":"1932","sortYear":1932,"era":"early-20th-century","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["satire-folly","family","nature-landscape","gender-women","art-creation","language-storytelling"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["hypochondria","trauma-shell-shock","psychology-unconscious","obsession-monomania","physicians-doctors","sexuality-medicalized"],"blurb":"Cold Comfort Farm is a comic novel parodying the overwrought rural fiction of the early twentieth century, the 'loam and lovechild' school associated with writers such as Mary Webb and D. H.","lessonTitles":["Common sense against melodrama","Parody as criticism","Control through invalidism"],"comparisons":["northanger-abbey","wuthering-heights","excellent-women","persuasion"],"quoteCount":1,"portrait":{"ref":"stella-gibbons","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Stella Gibbons.","credit":"Jburlinson; CC BY-SA 3.0.","media":{"subject":"Stella Gibbons","title":"Stella-gibbons-web","creator":"Jburlinson","date":"2009-03-24","medium/type":"photograph","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Stella-gibbons-web.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stella-gibbons-web.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Own work","localPath":"site/public/portraits/stella-gibbons.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q1252645; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/cold-comfort-farm.json","url":"/works/cold-comfort-farm/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/333150292916","status":"ready"},{"slug":"common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings","title":"Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis","author":"Thomas Paine","year":"1776-1794","sortYear":1776,"era":"18th-century","genre":"political-theory","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["power-politics","justice-law","class-society","faith-religion","language-storytelling","leadership"],"medicalRelevance":"low","medicalTags":["public-health-sanitation","aging-senescence","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"This Paine anthology gathers the pamphlets that made revolutionary argument feel urgent, portable, and democratic. Common Sense, published in January 1776, attacks monarchy, hereditary succession, reconciliation with Britain, and political hesitation.","lessonTitles":["Plain style can radicalize politics","Inherited power needs justification","Revolutionary confidence can outrun complexity"],"comparisons":["the-founding-documents","second-treatise-of-government","the-social-contract"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #147/#3741/#3742/#3743","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/147 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3741 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3742 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3743","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"thomas-paine","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Thomas Paine.","credit":"Auguste Millière / After George Romney / After William Sharp; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Thomas Paine","title":"Thomas Paine (1737 – 1809)","creator":"Auguste Millière / After George Romney / After William Sharp","date":"circa 1876","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"one or more third parties have made copyright claims against Wikimedia Commons in relation to the work from which this is sourced or a purely mechanical reproduction thereof . This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . 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At a hotel in Vevey on Lake Geneva he meets Annie 'Daisy' Miller, a pretty, rich and uninhibited girl from Schenectady, New York, travelling with her vague, dyspeptic mother and her brash little brother Randolph, accompanied by a courier, Eugenio, whom they treat almost as a member of the family.","lessonTitles":["Judging by codes we half-understand","The cost of exclusion","Relief in certainty"],"comparisons":["the-portrait-of-a-lady","washington-square","butterfield-8","effi-briest","the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/daisy-miller.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #208","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/208","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"henry-james","caption":"Portrait of Henry James.","credit":"John Singer Sargent (died 1925); Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Henry James","title":"Henry James","creator":"John Singer Sargent (died 1925)","date":"1913; bequeathed to NPG in 1916","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"one or more third parties have made copyright claims against Wikimedia Commons in relation to the work from which this is sourced or a purely mechanical reproduction thereof . 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Its center is the Black church as pulpit, school, refuge, protest platform, mutual-aid network, and political institution.","lessonTitles":["The pulpit can become public infrastructure","Scripture can expose national contradiction","Communal care answers embodied danger"],"comparisons":["narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793","narrative-and-fourth-of-july","sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/early-black-church-sermons.txt","source":"Internet Archive negrooratorsthei0000unse/greatnessofchris00crum","sourceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/negrooratorsthei0000unse ; https://archive.org/details/greatnessofchris00crum","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/early-black-church-sermons.json","url":"/works/early-black-church-sermons/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"early-christian-lives","title":"Early Christian Lives","author":"Athanasius, Jerome and others","year":"c. 356–420 CE","sortYear":370,"era":"ancient","genre":"biography","originalLanguage":"Greek and Latin","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","stoicism-endurance","identity-self","the-supernatural","illness-body","education","home-exile"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["starvation-nutrition","sleep-insomnia","altered-states","madness-psychosis","sexuality-medicalized","philosophy-as-therapy","physicians-doctors","pain","aging-senescence","nursing-caregiving"],"blurb":"Early Christian Lives gathers late antique biographies of saints, monks and holy figures, often including Athanasius’ Life of Antony and Jerome’s lives of Paul, Hilarion and Malchus. 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Samuel Hamilton, a poor, inventive, generous Irish immigrant farmer and blacksmith, raises a large family on barren land.","lessonTitles":["Thou mayest","Rejection breeds rivalry","Truth can wound"],"comparisons":["the-bible","cannery-row","wuthering-heights","fathers-and-sons","macbeth"],"quoteCount":1,"portrait":{"ref":"john-steinbeck","caption":"Portrait of John Steinbeck.","credit":"McFadden Publications, Inc.; no photographer credited; photo likely the work of Sonya Noskowiak, as Steinbeck is wearing the same clothes from her 1935 studio session that produced the work shown here: https://www.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.74; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"John Steinbeck","title":"John Steinbeck 1939 (cropped)","creator":"McFadden Publications, Inc.; no photographer credited; photo likely the work of Sonya Noskowiak, as Steinbeck is wearing the same clothes from her 1935 studio session that produced the work shown here: https://www.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.74","date":"1939-11","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/John_Steinbeck_1939_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Steinbeck_1939_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Photoplay , November 1939 (page 22) Photograph is flipped horizontally for magazine publication","localPath":"site/public/portraits/john-steinbeck.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q39212; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/east-of-eden.json","url":"/works/east-of-eden/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/227438592810","status":"ready"},{"slug":"ecce-homo","title":"Ecce Homo","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","year":"written 1888; published 1908","sortYear":1888,"era":"19th-century","genre":"memoir","originalLanguage":"German","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["identity-self","art-creation","madness-mind","illness-body","doubt-meaning"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["mind-body","pain","melancholia-depression","philosophy-as-therapy","psychology-unconscious"],"blurb":"Ecce Homo is Nietzsche's late self-interpretation, part autobiography, part literary self-defense, part philosophical performance. Its chapter headings are famously outrageous: why he is so wise, clever, and a destiny; why he writes such good books.","lessonTitles":["Ecce Homo teaches historical caution","Ecce Homo links evidence and authority","Ecce Homo complicates mind and body","Ecce Homo warns against easy progress stories"],"comparisons":["thus-spoke-zarathustra","beyond-good-and-evil","on-the-genealogy-of-morality","confessions"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/ecce-homo.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #52190","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52190","translator":"Anthony M. 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The book gathers 107 chapters in three books, ranging from one-page notes on thumbs, smells and names to the sprawling 'Apology for Raymond Sebond', which fills a sixth of the whole.","lessonTitles":["An ordinary life contains the whole human condition","Doubt as a discipline against cruelty","Rehearsing death versus trusting nature","The patient as expert on his own case"],"comparisons":["on-friendship","pensees","the-anatomy-of-melancholy","letters-from-a-stoic","essays-bacon","meditations-on-first-philosophy"],"quoteCount":13,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/essays-montaigne.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #3600","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3600","translator":"Charles Cotton","translationYear":"1685-1686"},"portrait":{"ref":"michel-de-montaigne","caption":"Portrait of Michel de Montaigne.","credit":"anonymous; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Michel de Montaigne","title":"Portrait of Michel de Montaigne by unknown painter in the Musée Condé","creator":"anonymous","date":"1578","medium/type":"portrait","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Unknown source Unknown source","localPath":"site/public/portraits/michel-de-montaigne.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q41568; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/essays-montaigne.json","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"essays-bacon","title":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","year":"1597-1625","sortYear":1597,"era":"renaissance-early-modern","genre":"essays","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["power-politics","ambition","friendship","virtue-ethics","death-mortality","education","illness-body","family"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["mind-body","melancholia-depression","neurosis-anxiety","physicians-doctors","humoral-medicine","pharmacology-poisons","death-dying","grief","disability-deformity","aging-senescence","philosophy-as-therapy","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"Bacon's Essays, or Counsels, Civil and Moral, grew over almost thirty years from a slim volume of ten pieces in 1597 to fifty-eight in the final edition of 1625, the text used here. Bacon borrowed the name essay from Montaigne, but where Montaigne explored himself at leisure, Bacon compressed observation into dense, balanced sentences meant for men of business and government.","lessonTitles":["Observe your own body before trusting general rules","A friend is a remedy no apothecary sells","Read for use, and choose studies to correct the mind","Worldly wisdom has a moral cost to be counted"],"comparisons":["essays-montaigne","novum-organum","the-prince","letters-from-a-stoic","characters","on-friendship"],"quoteCount":15,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/essays-bacon.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #575","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/575","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"francis-bacon","caption":"Portrait of Francis Bacon.","credit":"Paul van Somer I / Formerly attributed to Frans Pourbus the Younger; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Francis Bacon","title":"Portrait of Francis Bacon.","creator":"Paul van Somer I / Formerly attributed to Frans Pourbus the Younger","date":"1617","medium/type":"portrait","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Somer_Francis_Bacon.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Somer_Francis_Bacon.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"pl.pinterest.com","localPath":"site/public/portraits/francis-bacon.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q37388; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/essays-bacon.json","url":"/works/essays-bacon/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"essays-and-aphorisms","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","year":"1851","sortYear":1851,"era":"19th-century","genre":"essays","originalLanguage":"German","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["doubt-meaning","death-mortality","virtue-ethics","fate-free-will","identity-self","power-politics","gender-women","animals"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["melancholia-depression","suicide","pain","heredity-degeneration","psychology-unconscious","mind-body","neurosis-anxiety","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"Essays and Aphorisms is the title of the selection translated by R. 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Its five parts lead from God to human blessedness.","lessonTitles":["Understanding a passion begins to free us from it","Emotions follow natural law like geometry","Sadness diminishes the power to act","Other people as the greatest good"],"comparisons":["the-passions-of-the-soul","meditations-on-first-philosophy","leviathan","meditations","beyond-good-and-evil","a-treatise-of-human-nature"],"quoteCount":13,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/ethics.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #3800","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3800","translator":"R. H. M. 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It opens with biblical meditation, especially the story of Cain and Abel, and then develops a moral analysis of what the pope calls threats to life in modern law, medicine, family life, and political culture.","lessonTitles":["Evangelium Vitae: formed attention","Evangelium Vitae: order and disorder","Evangelium Vitae: body and soul"],"comparisons":["dignitatis-humanae","the-communist-manifesto"],"quoteCount":0,"path":"content/works/evangelium-vitae.json","url":"/works/evangelium-vitae/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"excellent-women","title":"Excellent Women","author":"Barbara Pym","year":"1952","sortYear":1952,"era":"postwar-contemporary","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["gender-women","isolation-alienation","faith-religion","marriage","satire-folly","class-society"],"medicalRelevance":"none","medicalTags":[],"blurb":"Excellent Women is narrated by Mildred Lathbury, an unmarried clergyman's daughter just past thirty, living in a shabby part of London near Victoria in the austere years after the Second World War. She works part-time for a society aiding impoverished gentlewomen and devotes herself to her parish church, St Mary's, where she helps the unmarried vicar, Julian Malory, and his sister Winifred.","lessonTitles":["Invisible labour","Comedy of small things","Choosing one's own life"],"comparisons":["persuasion","cold-comfort-farm","the-warden","mansfield-park"],"quoteCount":0,"path":"content/works/excellent-women.json","url":"/works/excellent-women/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/264624662812","status":"ready"},{"slug":"washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters","title":"Farewell Address and Selected Letters","author":"George Washington","year":"1775-1799","sortYear":1796,"era":"18th-century","genre":"political-theory","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["leadership","power-politics","war-violence","stoicism-endurance","justice-law","race-slavery"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["war-wounds","fever-infection","pain","bloodletting","public-health-sanitation"],"blurb":"Washington's Farewell Address and selected letters present leadership as restraint, reputation, and institutional precedent. The Farewell Address, published in 1796 near the end of his presidency, warns against sectional division, party spirit, foreign entanglement, public debt, and attacks on constitutional authority.","lessonTitles":["Leaving power can found authority","Union includes conflict and exclusion","Leadership is bodily labor"],"comparisons":["the-federalist-papers","personal-memoirs","narrative-and-fourth-of-july"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #11314; Internet Archive writingsofgwash05washuoft/lettersandrecol00washgoog","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11314 ; https://archive.org/details/writingsofgwash05washuoft ; https://archive.org/details/lettersandrecol00washgoog","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"george-washington","caption":"Portrait of George Washington.","credit":"Gilbert Stuart; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"George Washington","title":"George Washington","creator":"Gilbert Stuart","date":"1803","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"https://www.clarkart.edu/ArtPiece/Detail/George-Washington","localPath":"site/public/portraits/george-washington.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q23; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters.json","url":"/works/washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"fathers-and-sons","title":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","year":"1862","sortYear":1862,"era":"19th-century","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"Russian","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["family","science-knowledge","doubt-meaning","love-desire","class-society","death-mortality","power-politics"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["physicians-doctors","anatomy-dissection","fever-infection","death-dying","surgery","grief","ancient-medicine","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"Fathers and Sons is set in the Russian countryside in the spring and summer of 1859, two years before the emancipation of the serfs. Arkady Kirsanov, a newly graduated student, returns to his father's modest, poorly run estate, Maryino, bringing his friend and mentor Yevgeny Bazarov, a brusque, brilliant medical student of humble origins who calls himself a nihilist: he accepts no principle on authority and values only what is useful, especially natural science.","lessonTitles":["Ideas meet life","Generations misunderstand each other","Death as the great leveller"],"comparisons":["a-burnt-out-case","the-death-of-ivan-ilyich","east-of-eden","white-nights","we"],"quoteCount":4,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/fathers-and-sons.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #47935","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/47935","translator":"Constance Garnett","translationYear":1895},"portrait":{"ref":"ivan-turgenev","caption":"Portrait of Ivan Turgenev.","credit":"Ilya Repin; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Ivan Turgenev","title":"Portrait of writer Ivan Turgenev","creator":"Ilya Repin","date":"1874","medium/type":"portrait","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"http://lj.rossia.org/users/john_petrov/866634.html","localPath":"site/public/portraits/ivan-turgenev.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q42831; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/fathers-and-sons.json","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/312450089655","status":"ready"},{"slug":"fear-and-trembling","title":"Fear and Trembling","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","year":"1843","sortYear":1843,"era":"19th-century","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"Danish","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","family","fate-free-will","doubt-meaning","isolation-alienation","virtue-ethics","language-storytelling"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["neurosis-anxiety","melancholia-depression","grief","psychology-unconscious","philosophy-as-therapy","childbirth-maternal"],"blurb":"Fear and Trembling: Dialectical Lyric appeared in Copenhagen on 16 October 1843 under the pseudonym Johannes de silentio, 'John of silence', the same day as Repetition. 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This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . 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The abdication leaves Lear with the name of king but without the substance of rule, and the tragedy strips away retinue, shelter, authority, sanity, and finally family.","lessonTitles":["King Lear: formed attention","King Lear: order and disorder","King Lear: body and soul"],"comparisons":["the-brothers-karamazov","the-death-of-ivan-ilyich"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/king-lear.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #1532","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1532","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/king-lear.json","url":"/works/king-lear/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"kokoro","title":"Kokoro","author":"Natsume Sōseki","year":"1914","sortYear":1914,"era":"early-20th-century","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"Japanese","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["guilt-sin","friendship","isolation-alienation","love-desire","death-mortality","technology-modernity","identity-self"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["suicide","melancholia-depression","death-dying","grief","nursing-caregiving","physicians-doctors","psychology-unconscious"],"blurb":"Kokoro, a word meaning heart, mind or the core of things, is in three parts. 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Her other aunt, the officious and mean Mrs Norris, never lets her forget her dependent status, and her cousins Tom, Maria and Julia treat her with indifference.","lessonTitles":["Principle over charm","Education shapes character","Comfort built on exploitation"],"comparisons":["persuasion","sense-and-sensibility","northanger-abbey","twelve-years-a-slave","excellent-women"],"quoteCount":4,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/mansfield-park.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #141","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/141","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"jane-austen","caption":"Portrait of Jane Austen.","credit":"Cassandra Austen; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Jane Austen","title":"CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810) hires","creator":"Cassandra Austen","date":"circa 1810","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810)_hires.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"one or more third parties have made copyright claims against Wikimedia Commons in relation to the work from which this is sourced or a purely mechanical reproduction thereof . This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . 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Benjamin Rush gathers observations, classifications, causes, and treatments for mania, melancholy, hypochondria, derangement, moral faculties, memory, and related conditions.","lessonTitles":["Medicalization can humanize and control","Classification organizes care and authority","Reform can mix care and coercion"],"comparisons":["the-anatomy-of-melancholy","the-principles-of-psychology","narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind.txt","source":"Internet Archive medicalinquiries1812rush","sourceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/medicalinquiries1812rush","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"benjamin-rush","caption":"Portrait of Benjamin Rush.","credit":"Charles Willson Peale; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Benjamin Rush","title":"Portrait of Benjamin Rush","creator":"Charles Willson Peale","date":"1783","medium/type":"portrait","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale_1783.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale_1783.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Copied from here .","localPath":"site/public/portraits/benjamin-rush.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q656478; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind.json","url":"/works/medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"meditations","title":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","year":"c. 170–180 CE","sortYear":170,"era":"ancient","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"Ancient Greek","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["stoicism-endurance","virtue-ethics","death-mortality","leadership","doubt-meaning","memory-time","faith-religion"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["philosophy-as-therapy","pain","death-dying","physicians-doctors","ancient-medicine","plague-epidemic","melancholia-depression","sleep-insomnia","opium-laudanum","aging-senescence"],"blurb":"The Meditations, which Marcus Aurelius may have titled simply 'To Himself', is a private notebook of philosophical reflections written in Greek, probably during his military campaigns on the Danube in the 170s CE. 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The book was issued with six sets of Objections from learned readers (Caterus, Mersenne's circle, Hobbes, Arnauld, Gassendi and others) and Descartes's Replies, which are longer than the Meditations themselves; a second edition (Amsterdam, 1642) added the Jesuit Bourdin's Seventh Objections.","lessonTitles":["Doubt used as a method, not a mood","The self known as a thinking thing","Not a pilot in a ship","When a healthy design misleads"],"comparisons":["discourse-on-method","the-passions-of-the-soul","essays-montaigne","ethics","leviathan","an-essay-concerning-human-understanding"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"rene-descartes","caption":"Portrait of Rene Descartes.","credit":"After Frans Hals; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Rene Descartes","title":"Portrait of the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes (1596-1650)","creator":"After Frans Hals","date":"1649","medium/type":"portrait","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"André Hatala [e.a.] (1997) De eeuw van Rembrandt , Bruxelles: Crédit communal de Belgique, ISBN 2-908388-32-4 .","localPath":"site/public/portraits/rene-descartes.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q9191; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/meditations-on-first-philosophy.json","url":"/works/meditations-on-first-philosophy/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"shermans-memoirs","title":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","year":"1875","sortYear":1875,"era":"19th-century","genre":"memoir","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","leadership","memory-time","honor-shame","death-mortality","justice-law","madness-mind","family"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["war-wounds","fever-infection","grief","melancholia-depression","madness-psychosis","physicians-doctors","surgery","public-health-sanitation","trauma-shell-shock","death-dying"],"blurb":"Sherman's Memoirs, published in two volumes in 1875 and revised in 1886, present themselves less as history than as testimony; in the preface to the second edition he says he writes as a witness before the tribunal of history, supplying material for some future historian. The first volume, the text stored in this library, runs from his Ohio boyhood to the Meridian campaign of February 1864.","lessonTitles":["A public label of insanity can outlast its evidence","Logistics is the hidden plot of war","Assigning the costs of war to those who began it","Private grief inside a public command"],"comparisons":["personal-memoirs","the-conquest-of-gaul","on-war","the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war","whitman-complete-poems","the-river-war"],"quoteCount":12,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/shermans-memoirs.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #2616","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2616","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"william-tecumseh-sherman","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of William Tecumseh Sherman.","credit":"Mathew Benjamin Brady; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"William Tecumseh Sherman","title":"William Tecumseh Sherman","creator":"Mathew Benjamin Brady","date":"2007-12-18 02:57:39","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/William_Tecumseh_Sherman.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Tecumseh_Sherman.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Library of Congress , Prints and Photographs Division , Brady-Handy Collection , reproduction number LC-DIG-cwpbh-04445 .","localPath":"site/public/portraits/william-tecumseh-sherman.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q188936; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/shermans-memoirs.json","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"madison-selected-writings","title":"Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention","author":"James Madison","year":"1785-1840","sortYear":1785,"era":"18th-century","genre":"political-theory","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["justice-law","faith-religion","power-politics","leadership","doubt-meaning","race-slavery"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["medical-ethics","philosophy-as-therapy","public-health-sanitation"],"blurb":"Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention show him as both principled advocate and institutional anatomist. 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Mental Maladies surveys insanity as a family of disorders marked by disturbances of perception, judgment, passion, volition, and bodily function.","lessonTitles":["Mental Maladies teaches historical caution","Mental Maladies links evidence and authority","Mental Maladies complicates mind and body","Mental Maladies warns against easy progress stories"],"comparisons":["a-treatise-on-insanity","medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind","mental-pathology-and-therapeutics","the-anatomy-of-melancholy"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/mental-maladies.txt","source":"Internet Archive scan of Hunt 1845 translation","sourceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/mentalmaladiestr00esqu","translator":"E. K. 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Mental Pathology and Therapeutics treats insanity as a disorder of the brain, even while admitting how little pathological anatomy could yet prove.","lessonTitles":["Mental Pathology and Therapeutics teaches historical caution","Mental Pathology and Therapeutics links evidence and authority","Mental Pathology and Therapeutics complicates mind and body","Mental Pathology and Therapeutics warns against easy progress stories"],"comparisons":["mental-maladies","lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry","dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias","the-principles-of-psychology"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/mental-pathology-and-therapeutics.txt","source":"Internet Archive scan of the 1867 English translation","sourceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/mentalpathologyt00grieuoft","translator":"C. 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Its unifying thread is change of form: gods, humans and nymphs become animals, plants, stones, stars and springs, usually at moments of extreme passion, violence or divine punishment.","lessonTitles":["Change as the nature of things","Power and its victims","Art that outlasts power"],"comparisons":["frankenstein","the-odyssey","troilus-and-criseyde","macbeth","the-lais-of-marie-de-france"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/metamorphoses.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #21765/#26073","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21765 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26073","translator":"Henry T. 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Orphaned at ten, Jim travels from Virginia to live with his grandparents on the prairie near the town of Black Hawk.","lessonTitles":["Memory shapes and idealises","Immigrants built the land","Hardship and despair on the frontier"],"comparisons":["little-women","east-of-eden","ceremony","persuasion","the-odyssey"],"quoteCount":4,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/my-antonia.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #19810","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19810","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"willa-cather","caption":"Portrait of Willa Cather.","credit":"Photographer: Aime Dupont Studio, New York; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Willa Cather","title":"Willa Cather ca. 1912 wearing necklace from Sarah Orne Jewett (cropped)","creator":"Photographer: Aime Dupont Studio, New York","date":"1912","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Willa_Cather_ca._1912_wearing_necklace_from_Sarah_Orne_Jewett_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willa_Cather_ca._1912_wearing_necklace_from_Sarah_Orne_Jewett_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Willa Cather Pioneer Memorial and Educational Foundation","localPath":"site/public/portraits/willa-cather.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q229480; Commons image metadata verified through imageinfo."}},"path":"content/works/my-antonia.json","url":"/works/my-antonia/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/256966614922","status":"ready"},{"slug":"napoleons-maxims-of-war","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","year":"1827","sortYear":1827,"era":"19th-century","genre":"essays","originalLanguage":"French","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","leadership","heroism","education","honor-shame","stoicism-endurance"],"medicalRelevance":"low","medicalTags":["war-wounds","starvation-nutrition","neurosis-anxiety","nursing-caregiving"],"blurb":"Napoleon's Maxims of War is not a book Napoleon wrote but a compilation made by a French officer, General Burnod, who in 1827 published Maximes de guerre de Napoléon, drawn from the emperor's memoirs dictated on St Helena and other sources. The British officer George Charles D'Aguilar translated it into English in 1831, adding explanatory notes with examples from the campaigns of Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Montecuccoli, Frederick the Great and Napoleon himself.","lessonTitles":["Speed as a multiplier of strength","Endurance before bravery","Decide alone, consult separately","Maxims need cases"],"comparisons":["letters-of-napoleon","on-war","the-art-of-war","instructions-for-his-generals","the-art-of-war-machiavelli","personal-memoirs"],"quoteCount":10,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/napoleons-maxims-of-war.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #50750","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50750","translator":"Burnod and D'Aguilar","translationYear":"19th century"},"portrait":{"ref":"napoleon-bonaparte","caption":"Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte.","credit":"Jacques-Louis David; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Napoleon Bonaparte","title":"The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries","creator":"Jacques-Louis David","date":"1812","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"zQEbF0AA9NhCXQ at Google Cultural Institute maximum zoom level","localPath":"site/public/portraits/napoleon-bonaparte.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q517; Commons image metadata verified through imageinfo."}},"path":"content/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war.json","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"narrative-and-fourth-of-july","title":"Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?","author":"Frederick Douglass","year":"1845 / 1852","sortYear":1845,"era":"19th-century","genre":"memoir","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["race-slavery","justice-law","language-storytelling","identity-self","faith-religion","war-violence"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["trauma-shell-shock","war-wounds","starvation-nutrition","pain","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"This Douglass entry pairs the 1845 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass with the 1852 speech commonly known as What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? The Narrative tells Douglass's movement from enslaved childhood in Maryland through violence, literacy, skilled labor, resistance, escape, and public abolitionist identity.","lessonTitles":["Testimony can become prosecution","Literacy can wound and liberate","National ideals need hostile readers"],"comparisons":["the-founding-documents","jefferson-selected-writings","sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/narrative-and-fourth-of-july.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #23; Wikisource (Oration, delivered in Corinthian Hall, Rochester)","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/23 ; https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Oration,_delivered_in_Corinthian_Hall,_Rochester","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"frederick-douglass","caption":"Portrait of Frederick Douglass.","credit":"Engraved by J.C. 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Pliny wants to collect nature and human use together: stars, lands, peoples, animals, plants, metals, pigments, stones, medicines, marvels and technologies all belong to one vast inventory.","lessonTitles":["Compilation is a form of power","Nature is medicine and temptation","Error has historical value"],"comparisons":["de-materia-medica","the-histories","galen-selected-works"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/natural-history-a-selection.txt","source":"Perseus Bostock & Riley Natural History","sourceUrl":"https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=7 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=20 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=21 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=22 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=23 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=24 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=25 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=26 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=27 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=28 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=29 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=30 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=31 ; https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=32","translator":"John Bostock and H. 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Catherine is a devoted reader of Gothic novels, especially Ann Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho.","lessonTitles":["Reading well, judging well","Real villains are ordinary","Defending the novel"],"comparisons":["don-quixote","cold-comfort-farm","frankenstein","persuasion","the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers"],"quoteCount":4,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/northanger-abbey.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #121","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/121","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"jane-austen","caption":"Portrait of Jane Austen.","credit":"Cassandra Austen; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Jane Austen","title":"CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810) hires","creator":"Cassandra Austen","date":"circa 1810","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810)_hires.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"one or more third parties have made copyright claims against Wikimedia Commons in relation to the work from which this is sourced or a purely mechanical reproduction thereof . This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . Please see Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag for more information.","localPath":"site/public/portraits/jane-austen.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q36322; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/northanger-abbey.json","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/312453677416","status":"ready"},{"slug":"notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine","title":"Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine","author":"Ada Lovelace","year":"1843","sortYear":1843,"era":"computing","genre":"computing","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["science-knowledge","technology-modernity","art-creation","education","ambition"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["mind-body","psychology-unconscious","medical-ethics"],"blurb":"Ada Lovelace's Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine begin as an act of translation and become a theory of computation. 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George Milton, small and sharp, and Lennie Small, a huge, immensely strong man with an intellectual disability and the mind of a child, are itinerant ranch hands who travel together, unusual among solitary migrant workers.","lessonTitles":["Friendship against loneliness","Dreams sustain and break","Mercy and violence"],"comparisons":["cannery-row","east-of-eden","twelve-angry-men","don-quixote","the-death-of-ivan-ilyich"],"quoteCount":2,"portrait":{"ref":"john-steinbeck","caption":"Portrait of John Steinbeck.","credit":"McFadden Publications, Inc.; no photographer credited; photo likely the work of Sonya Noskowiak, as Steinbeck is wearing the same clothes from her 1935 studio session that produced the work shown here: https://www.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.74; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"John Steinbeck","title":"John Steinbeck 1939 (cropped)","creator":"McFadden Publications, Inc.; no photographer credited; photo likely the work of Sonya Noskowiak, as Steinbeck is wearing the same clothes from her 1935 studio session that produced the work shown here: https://www.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.74","date":"1939-11","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/John_Steinbeck_1939_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Steinbeck_1939_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Photoplay , November 1939 (page 22) Photograph is flipped horizontally for magazine publication","localPath":"site/public/portraits/john-steinbeck.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q39212; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/of-mice-and-men.json","url":"/works/of-mice-and-men/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/264622798316","status":"ready"},{"slug":"computable-numbers-and-computing-machinery","title":"On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery","author":"Alan Turing","year":"1936 / 1950","sortYear":1936,"era":"computing","genre":"computing","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["science-knowledge","technology-modernity","doubt-meaning","identity-self","language-storytelling","education"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["mind-body","psychology-unconscious","medical-ethics","disability-deformity"],"blurb":"This paired entry brings together Alan Turing's 1936 paper On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem and his 1950 essay Computing Machinery and Intelligence. 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This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . Please see Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag for more information.","localPath":"site/public/portraits/hugh-latimer.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q710046; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/latimer-selected-sermons.json","url":"/works/latimer-selected-sermons/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"calvin-selected-sermons","title":"Selected Sermons","author":"John Calvin","year":"1549-1564","sortYear":1550,"era":"renaissance-early-modern","genre":"sermons","originalLanguage":"French and Latin","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","power-politics","justice-law","virtue-ethics","death-mortality","class-society"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["grief","neurosis-anxiety","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"Calvin's Selected Sermons present the Reformation as disciplined exposition rather than only protest. 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This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . Please see Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag for more information.","localPath":"site/public/portraits/charles-spurgeon.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q278825; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/spurgeon-selected-sermons.json","url":"/works/spurgeon-selected-sermons/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"moody-selected-sermons","title":"Selected Sermons","author":"Dwight L. 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The center is not one genre but a reformatory voice: the Ninety-Five Theses against indulgence abuse, The Freedom of a Christian, sermons on faith and good works, catechetical teaching, and occasional writings shaped by conflict.","lessonTitles":["Conscience can be politically explosive","Freedom is not self-ownership alone","Rhetoric can heal and harm"],"comparisons":["confessions","calvin-selected-sermons","homilies-on-the-statues"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/luther-selected-sermons-and-treatises.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #31604/#34904/#1722","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31604 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34904 ; https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1722","translator":"C. M. Jacobs, A. T. W. Steinhaeuser, W. A. Lambert, and others (Philadelphia edition); F. Bente and W. H. T. 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This selection gathers many of the best known, which typically include the following.","lessonTitles":["Hypocrisy of respectability","Irony and fate","The mind under siege"],"comparisons":["the-meek-one","the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories","the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers","candide","the-portable-dorothy-parker"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/maupassant-selected-short-stories.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #3090","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3090","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"guy-de-maupassant","caption":"Portrait of Guy de Maupassant.","credit":"Nadar; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Guy de Maupassant","title":"Maupassant par Nadar","creator":"Nadar","date":"circa 1888","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Maupassant_par_Nadar.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maupassant_par_Nadar.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"This file comes from Gallica Digital Library and is available under the digital ID btv1b53155773n/f1","localPath":"site/public/portraits/guy-de-maupassant.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q9327; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/maupassant-selected-short-stories.json","url":"/works/maupassant-selected-short-stories/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/333040774571","status":"ready"},{"slug":"sense-and-sensibility","title":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","year":"1811","sortYear":1811,"era":"19th-century","genre":"novel","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["love-desire","marriage","money-wealth","family","virtue-ethics","gender-women","illness-body"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["grief","melancholia-depression","fever-infection","nursing-caregiving","physicians-doctors","sleep-insomnia","mind-body","tuberculosis-consumption","aging-senescence","death-dying"],"blurb":"Sense and Sensibility follows two sisters whose temperaments represent the opposed values of its title. 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This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . Please see Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag for more information.","localPath":"site/public/portraits/jane-austen.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q36322; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/sense-and-sensibility.json","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/256927323755","status":"ready"},{"slug":"donne-sermons-and-devotions","title":"Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions","author":"John Donne","year":"1624 / 1631","sortYear":1624,"era":"renaissance-early-modern","genre":"sermons","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["death-mortality","faith-religion","illness-body","isolation-alienation","language-storytelling","guilt-sin"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["fever-infection","death-dying","physicians-doctors","neurosis-anxiety","mind-body"],"blurb":"Donne's Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions bring the metaphysical imagination into pulpit and sickroom. The sermons, including Death's Duel, display a preacher fascinated by mortality, judgment, resurrection, the body, and the unstable boundary between private self and Christian community.","lessonTitles":["Illness thinks through the body","No patient is solitary","Mortality can sharpen language"],"comparisons":["the-anatomy-of-melancholy","meditations"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/donne-sermons-and-devotions.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #23772; Internet Archive donnessermons00donn","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/23772 ; https://archive.org/details/donnessermons00donn","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"john-donne","caption":"Portrait of John Donne.","credit":"After Isaac Oliver; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"John Donne","title":"John Donne (copy after an original of 1616)","creator":"After Isaac Oliver","date":"Unknown date, but author died in 1622","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/John_Donne_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Donne_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"one or more third parties have made copyright claims against Wikimedia Commons in relation to the work from which this is sourced or a purely mechanical reproduction thereof . This may be due to recognition of the \" sweat of the brow \" doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . Please see Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag for more information.","localPath":"site/public/portraits/john-donne.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q140412; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/donne-sermons-and-devotions.json","url":"/works/donne-sermons-and-devotions/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail","title":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","year":"1955-1963","sortYear":1963,"era":"postwar-contemporary","genre":"sermons","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["race-slavery","justice-law","faith-religion","power-politics","stoicism-endurance","leadership"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["trauma-shell-shock","war-wounds","medical-ethics","philosophy-as-therapy","public-health-sanitation"],"blurb":"'s public theology and civil-rights argument at their most concentrated. The sermon tradition behind King includes the Black church, biblical prophecy, social gospel, liberal theology, and the cadences of African American sacred speech.","lessonTitles":["Nonviolence is disciplined pressure","Moderation can protect injustice","Hope requires institutions and bodies"],"comparisons":["early-black-church-sermons","narrative-and-fourth-of-july","i-am-prepared-to-die","letters-and-papers-from-prison"],"quoteCount":2,"portrait":{"ref":"martin-luther-king-jr","caption":"Portrait of Martin Luther King Jr..","credit":"Associated Press; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Martin Luther King Jr.","title":"The Rev. 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E. Lawrence","year":"1926","sortYear":1926,"era":"early-20th-century","genre":"memoir","originalLanguage":"English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","colonialism-empire","identity-self","leadership","honor-shame","guilt-sin","nature-landscape","stoicism-endurance"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["trauma-shell-shock","war-wounds","pain","starvation-nutrition","fever-infection","sexuality-medicalized","melancholia-depression","death-dying","mind-body","public-health-sanitation"],"blurb":"Seven Pillars of Wisdom is Lawrence's account of his two years with the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, from his first visit to the Hejaz in October 1916 to the entry into Damascus in October 1918. It opens with an introductory chapter that admits the book's political bad conscience: Lawrence knew that Britain and France had already divided the Arab lands in the Sykes–Picot agreement while he encouraged the Arabs to fight for independence.","lessonTitles":["Leading people whose cause you know may be betrayed","Guerrilla war as an argument from space and time","Wearing another people's identity has a cost","Violence erodes the restraint it was meant to protect"],"comparisons":["the-river-war","the-persian-expedition","heart-of-darkness","the-odyssey","on-war","testament-of-youth"],"quoteCount":0,"portrait":{"ref":"t-e-lawrence","caption":"Portrait of T. E. Lawrence.","credit":"Harris & Ewing; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"T. E. 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Lucius, a young man fascinated by magic, travels in Thessaly, a region famous for witches.","lessonTitles":["Curiosity needs discipline","Embodiment changes moral vision","Salvation may be sincere and comic"],"comparisons":["metamorphoses","don-quixote","the-bacchae-and-other-plays"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-golden-ass.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #1666","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1666","translator":"William Adlington","translationYear":1566},"portrait":{"ref":"apuleius","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Apuleius.","credit":"Johann Jacob Bernoulli; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Apuleius","title":"Apuleius-Kontorniat","creator":"Johann Jacob Bernoulli","date":"4 th century","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Apuleius-Kontorniat.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apuleius-Kontorniat.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Johann Jacob Bernoulli, Römische Ikonographie , Bd. 1: Die Bildnisse berühmter Römer mit Ausschluss der Kaiser und ihrer Angehörigen . Stuttgart u.a. 1882, Münztaf. 5,117.","localPath":"site/public/portraits/apuleius.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q170512; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/the-golden-ass.json","url":"/works/the-golden-ass/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"golden-legend-popular-saints","title":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","year":"c. 1260 (Caxton translation 1483; Ellis edition 1900)","sortYear":1260,"era":"medieval","genre":"hagiography","originalLanguage":"Middle English","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["saints","faith-religion","the-supernatural","illness-body","death-mortality","heroism","language-storytelling","power-politics"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["plague-epidemic","fever-infection","epilepsy-seizures","disability-deformity","death-dying","pain","public-health-sanitation"],"blurb":"This entry gathers the Golden Legend chapters and adjacent medieval traditions behind saints whose images still move through calendars, holidays, icons, hospitals, medals, advertising, and folklore. Jacobus de Voragine did not write critical biography in the modern sense.","lessonTitles":["A patronage is a story made portable","Modern holidays often preserve medieval fragments","Legend is evidence, but not always for the event","The body gives devotion a memory system"],"comparisons":["early-christian-lives","the-bible","a-christmas-carol","troilus-and-criseyde","the-history-of-the-church","the-anatomy-of-melancholy"],"quoteCount":6,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/golden-legend-popular-saints.txt","source":"Partial Golden Legend source packet from Caxton/Ellis public-domain tradition","sourceUrl":"https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/goldenlegend/","translator":"William Caxton; modernized by F. S. Ellis","translationYear":"1483; 1900"},"path":"content/works/golden-legend-popular-saints.json","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-histories","title":"The Histories","author":"Herodotus","year":"c. 430 BCE","sortYear":-430,"era":"ancient","genre":"history","originalLanguage":"Ancient Greek","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","power-politics","fate-free-will","travel-journey","language-storytelling","colonialism-empire","faith-religion"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["ancient-medicine","physicians-doctors","madness-psychosis","epilepsy-seizures","hallucinogens","anatomy-dissection","plague-epidemic","surgery","sexuality-medicalized","alcohol","death-dying","dreams-nightmares"],"blurb":"The Histories is the first great work of prose history in the Western tradition, an inquiry (historia) into the causes and course of the wars between the Greeks and the Persian Empire. Herodotus states his purpose in the opening: to preserve the memory of great and marvellous deeds of Greeks and barbarians, and especially the reason why they fought one another.","lessonTitles":["Call no one happy until the end","Custom is king","Inquiry and evidence"],"comparisons":["the-iliad","the-agricola-and-the-germania","persian-letters","in-patagonia","the-age-of-alexander"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-histories.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #2707","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2707","translator":"G. C. Macaulay","translationYear":1890},"portrait":{"ref":"herodotus","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Herodotus.","credit":"This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art . See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy; CC0.","media":{"subject":"Herodotus","title":"Marble bust of Herodotos","creator":"This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art . See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy","date":"2nd century A.D.","medium/type":"sculpture","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_bust_of_Herodotos_MET_DT11742_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art . See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy","localPath":"site/public/portraits/herodotus.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q26825; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/the-histories.json","url":"/works/the-histories/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/254524839234","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-history-of-the-church","title":"The History of the Church","author":"Eusebius","year":"c. 325 CE","sortYear":325,"era":"ancient","genre":"history","originalLanguage":"Greek","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","power-politics","death-mortality","leadership","language-storytelling","guilt-sin","family"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["trauma-shell-shock","pain","death-dying","disability-deformity","plague-epidemic","nursing-caregiving","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"The History of the Church tells the story of Christianity from the apostles to Eusebius’ own fourth-century world, where persecution gives way to imperial favor. Eusebius organizes the past through succession: bishops, teachers, heresies, writings, persecutions and martyrs.","lessonTitles":["Communities survive by preserving memory","Suffering can be made meaningful","Archives are arguments"],"comparisons":["early-christian-writings","early-christian-lives","the-annals-of-imperial-rome"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-history-of-the-church.txt","source":"CCEL NPNF2-01","sourceUrl":"https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201/cache/npnf201.txt","translator":"Arthur Cushman McGiffert","translationYear":null},"portrait":{"ref":"eusebius","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Eusebius.","credit":"Artaud de Montor, Alexis François; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Eusebius","title":"Eusebius","creator":"Artaud de Montor, Alexis François","date":"1911","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Eusebius.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eusebius.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes01artauoft","localPath":"site/public/portraits/eusebius.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q160514; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/the-history-of-the-church.json","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-church/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war","title":"The History of the Peloponnesian War","author":"Thucydides","year":"c. 431–411 BCE","sortYear":-431,"era":"ancient","genre":"history","originalLanguage":"Greek","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","power-politics","death-mortality","leadership","justice-law","colonialism-empire","language-storytelling"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["plague-epidemic","fever-infection","public-health-sanitation","physicians-doctors","trauma-shell-shock","starvation-nutrition","death-dying"],"blurb":"The History of the Peloponnesian War is Thucydides’ unfinished account of the war between Athens and Sparta from 431 to 411 BCE. Unlike Herodotus’ broad storytelling, Thucydides narrows his gaze to power, fear, interest, decision and the deterioration of civic language under pressure.","lessonTitles":["Crisis tests political ideals","Power changes language","Ambition needs limits"],"comparisons":["the-histories","the-annals-of-imperial-rome","testament-of-youth"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #7142","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/7142","translator":"Richard Crawley","translationYear":1874},"portrait":{"ref":"thucydides","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Thucydides.","credit":"user:shakko; CC BY-SA 3.0.","media":{"subject":"Thucydides","title":"Thucydides pushkin01","creator":"user:shakko","date":"2008","medium/type":"photograph","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Thucydides_pushkin01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thucydides_pushkin01.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Own work","localPath":"site/public/portraits/thucydides.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q41683; Commons image metadata verified through imageinfo."}},"path":"content/works/the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war.json","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-iliad","title":"The Iliad","author":"Homer","year":"c. 8th century BCE","sortYear":-750,"era":"ancient","genre":"epic","originalLanguage":"Ancient Greek","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","heroism","death-mortality","honor-shame","fate-free-will","friendship","family","revenge"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["war-wounds","surgery","physicians-doctors","plague-epidemic","grief","trauma-shell-shock","starvation-nutrition","anatomy-dissection","ancient-medicine","pharmacology-poisons","death-dying","nursing-caregiving"],"blurb":"The Iliad tells of a few weeks in the tenth year of the Greek siege of Troy, and its subject, announced in the first line, is the wrath of Achilles. A plague sent by Apollo ravages the Greek camp because Agamemnon, commander of the Achaeans, has refused to return the captive daughter of Apollo's priest Chryses.","lessonTitles":["The cost of honour","Grief and rage","Shared mortality","War seen from the city"],"comparisons":["the-odyssey","testament-of-youth","the-nibelungenlied","the-bhagavad-gita","troilus-and-criseyde","lysistrata-and-other-plays"],"quoteCount":2,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-iliad.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #2199","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2199","translator":"Samuel Butler","translationYear":1898},"portrait":{"ref":"homer","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Homer.","credit":"NikonZ7II; CC BY-SA 4.0.","media":{"subject":"Homer","title":"Homer bust, Farnese collection (Naples)","creator":"NikonZ7II","date":"2022-04-02","medium/type":"sculpture","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Homer_bust%2C_Farnese_collection_%28Naples%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homer_bust,_Farnese_collection_(Naples).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"Own work","localPath":"site/public/portraits/homer.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Wikidata Q6691; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/the-iliad.json","url":"/works/the-iliad/","ebayExampleUrl":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/274274075640","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-interpretation-of-dreams","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","year":"1899 (dated 1900)","sortYear":1899,"era":"19th-century","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"German","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["madness-mind","identity-self","family","memory-time","science-knowledge","language-storytelling","love-desire","guilt-sin"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["dreams-nightmares","psychology-unconscious","sleep-insomnia","hysteria","neurosis-anxiety","physicians-doctors","medical-ethics","sexuality-medicalized","grief","fever-infection","mind-body","pharmacology-poisons"],"blurb":"Die Traumdeutung appeared in November 1899 with the date 1900 on its title page, and Freud regarded it as his most important book. Its central claim is that dreams are meaningful psychic acts that can be interpreted, and that every dream, properly analysed, proves to be the fulfilment of a wish.","lessonTitles":["Meaning hides in the trivial detail","The physician's self-exoneration","Literature as evidence of the mind","Sleep defends itself"],"comparisons":["the-principles-of-psychology","the-varieties-of-religious-experience","the-theban-plays","macbeth","civilization-and-its-discontents","the-world-as-will-and-representation","the-anatomy-of-melancholy"],"quoteCount":12,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-interpretation-of-dreams.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #66048","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66048","translator":"A. A. Brill","translationYear":1913},"portrait":{"ref":"sigmund-freud","caption":"Portrait of Sigmund Freud.","credit":"Max Halberstadt; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Sigmund Freud","title":"Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt (cropped)","creator":"Max Halberstadt","date":"circa 1921","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud,_by_Max_Halberstadt_(cropped).jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=6116407","localPath":"site/public/portraits/sigmund-freud.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":false,"notes":"Wikidata Q9215; Commons P18 image verified through imageinfo metadata."}},"path":"content/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams.json","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-jewish-war","title":"The Jewish War","author":"Flavius Josephus","year":"c. 75 CE","sortYear":75,"era":"ancient","genre":"history","originalLanguage":"Greek","copyrighted":true,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["war-violence","power-politics","faith-religion","home-exile","leadership","death-mortality","justice-law","language-storytelling"],"medicalRelevance":"high","medicalTags":["starvation-nutrition","war-wounds","fever-infection","death-dying","trauma-shell-shock","suicide","public-health-sanitation","pain","grief","physicians-doctors","ancient-medicine"],"blurb":"The Jewish War is Josephus' account of the revolt against Rome from its Hasmonean and Herodian prehistory to the destruction of Jerusalem and the last pockets of resistance. Written after Josephus had defected to the Romans, the work tries to explain a catastrophe to several audiences at once: Jews who had survived it, Romans who had conquered, and Greek-speaking readers who needed Judean politics translated into the language of civil war, faction and providence.","lessonTitles":["Civil war magnifies external conquest","Historians can be witnesses and defendants","Siege warfare is a medical catastrophe","Sacred places become political targets"],"comparisons":["jewish-antiquities","the-annals-of-imperial-rome","the-twelve-caesars","the-history-of-the-church","the-bible"],"quoteCount":0,"path":"content/works/the-jewish-war.json","url":"/works/the-jewish-war/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god","title":"The Journey of the Mind into God","author":"Bonaventure","year":"1259","sortYear":1259,"era":"medieval","genre":"philosophy","originalLanguage":"Latin","copyrighted":false,"curricula":["classical-10th"],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","travel-journey","virtue-ethics","science-knowledge","art-creation"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["mind-body","altered-states","philosophy-as-therapy"],"blurb":"The Journey of the Mind into God is Bonaventure's compact map of contemplative ascent, written after meditation on Francis of Assisi's vision of the six-winged seraph at La Verna. The work is structured around six stages, corresponding to the seraph's wings, by which the mind rises through creation, the self, and the names of God before passing beyond conceptual mastery into ecstatic union.","lessonTitles":["Journey of the Mind into God: formed attention","Journey of the Mind into God: order and disorder","Journey of the Mind into God: body and soul"],"comparisons":["early-franciscan-sources","the-consolation-of-philosophy"],"quoteCount":1,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god.txt","source":"CCEL: The Mind's Road to God","sourceUrl":"https://ccel.org/ccel/bonaventure/mindsroad/cache/mindsroad.txt","translator":null,"translationYear":null},"path":"content/works/the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god.json","url":"/works/the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god/","status":"ready"},{"slug":"the-koran","title":"The Koran","author":"Anonymous (Islamic scripture)","year":"c. 610–632 CE","sortYear":610,"era":"medieval","genre":"religious-scripture","originalLanguage":"Classical Arabic","copyrighted":false,"curricula":[],"hasStudent":true,"themes":["faith-religion","justice-law","death-mortality","guilt-sin","family","virtue-ethics","nature-landscape"],"medicalRelevance":"medium","medicalTags":["ancient-medicine","alcohol","addiction","childbirth-maternal","starvation-nutrition","leprosy","suicide","pain","public-health-sanitation","death-dying"],"blurb":"The Koran, or Quran ('recitation'), is the central scripture of Islam. It consists of 114 chapters called suras, of very unequal length, each made up of verses (ayat).","lessonTitles":["Signs in nature","Social justice as worship","Continuity of prophecy"],"comparisons":["the-bible","confessions","the-bhagavad-gita","persian-letters"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-koran.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #2800","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2800","translator":"J. M. 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She says she has heard Breton lais, songs commemorating adventures, and has put them into verse so they will not be forgotten.","lessonTitles":["Love against confinement","Humanity in the beast","Preserving stories"],"comparisons":["troilus-and-criseyde","metamorphoses","the-nibelungenlied","the-misanthrope-and-other-plays"],"quoteCount":0,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-lais-of-marie-de-france.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #11417","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11417","translator":"Eugene Mason","translationYear":1911},"portrait":{"ref":"marie-de-france","caption":"Posthumous or imagined likeness of Marie de France.","credit":"Richard of Verdun; Public domain.","media":{"subject":"Marie de France","title":"Marie de France detail from BNF Arsenal MS 3142 f 256","creator":"Richard of Verdun","date":"2020-06-29 19:47:43","medium/type":"photograph","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Marie_de_France_detail_from_BNF_Arsenal_MS_3142_f_256.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","filePage":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marie_de_France_detail_from_BNF_Arsenal_MS_3142_f_256.jpg","institution":"","creditLine":"englishare.net","localPath":"site/public/portraits/marie-de-france.jpg","isPosthumousOrImagined":true,"notes":"Medieval manuscript image; no contemporary likeness survives. 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In the dedication he offers the Medici what he calls his knowledge of the actions of great men, gained from long experience of modern affairs and continual reading of ancient ones.","lessonTitles":["The gap between how we live and how we ought to live","Severity concentrated, kindness spread out","Fortune can be channelled but not abolished","Appearance is a political resource"],"comparisons":["the-art-of-war-machiavelli","leviathan","the-arthashastra","the-social-contract","the-twelve-caesars"],"quoteCount":12,"fullText":{"path":"content/texts/the-prince.txt","source":"Project Gutenberg #1232","sourceUrl":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1232","translator":"W. K. 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