Students

For Students

Companions for reading the great books in a classical Christian high school: what to watch for, questions for seminar, connections to Scripture and the Church Fathers, and prompts for writing and debate.

What each work page offers

  • Reading guide: things to notice, key names and terms, and where the work sits in the four-year sequence.
  • Seminar questions: moving from comprehension to interpretation to the big questions.
  • Faith connections: Scripture, the Church Fathers, and links across the Great Conversation.
  • Logic and rhetoric: the central argument, a rhetorical device at work, and a debate resolution.
  • Memory work: a line or two from the work's verified quotations.
  • Writing prompts: an essay prompt and a comparison with another work in the library.

The medical lens and other sections remain on every page alongside the student material.

For the tools behind the logic and rhetoric notes (the syllogism, informal fallacies, the disputatio, the five canons, the progymnasmata) and a guide to Socratic seminar, Lincoln-Douglas, team policy, parliamentary, disputatio, and mock trial formats, see Logic & Debate, which also gathers every work’s debate resolution in one bank.

Social skills for students and families now lives on School Launch: Social Skills on School Launch, nine units on manners, conversation, table manners, names, welcome, empathy, friendship, and listening, with a private self check-in.

Four-year reading listLogic & Debate

Grade 9 Foundations

Grade 10 Nature and Cosmos

Grade 11 The Human Person

Grade 12 Society and Politics

All student guides

The BibleAnonymouscomposed c. 1000 BCE – c. 100 CE; KJV 1611The IliadHomerc. 8th century BCEThe OdysseyHomerc. 8th century BCEFragmentsHeraclitusc. 500 BCEThe Art of WarSun Tzuc. 5th century BCEThe OresteiaAeschylus458 BCEMedea and Other PlaysEuripides431 BCE (Medea)The History of the Peloponnesian WarThucydidesc. 431–411 BCEThe HistoriesHerodotusc. 430 BCEThe Theban PlaysSophoclesc. 429–401 BCELysistrata and Other PlaysAristophanes411 BCE (Lysistrata)The Bacchae and Other PlaysEuripides405 BCE (The Bacchae)Hippocratic WritingsHippocratesc. 5th–4th century BCEThe Last Days of SocratesPlatoc. 399–347 BCEThe SymposiumPlatoc. 385 BCEThe RepublicPlatoc. 380 BCEPhaedrus and Letters VII and VIIIPlatoc. 370 BCEThe Persian ExpeditionXenophonc. 370 BCETimaeusPlatoc. 360 BCEDe AnimaAristotlec. 350 BCEPoliticsAristotlec. 350 BCEThe Nicomachean EthicsAristotlec. 340 BCECharactersTheophrastusc. 319 BCEThe Bhagavad GitaAnonymous (attributed to Vyasa)c. 2nd century BCEThe ArthashastraKautilyac. 2nd century BCE – 3rd century CEOn the Nature of the UniverseLucretiusc. 55 BCEThe Conquest of GaulJulius Caesar58-50 BCEThe Civil WarJulius Caesar49-48 BCEThe Satires of Horace and PersiusHorace and Persiusc. 35–30 BCE / c. 60 CEThe AeneidVirgilc. 29–19 BCEMetamorphosesOvid8 CEOn MedicineAulus Cornelius Celsusc. 30 CEDe Materia MedicaDioscoridesc. 50–70 CELetters from a StoicSenecac. 63–65 CEThe Jewish WarFlavius Josephusc. 75 CENatural History: A SelectionPliny the Elderc. 77 CEJewish AntiquitiesFlavius Josephusc. 93-94 CEThe Agricola and the GermaniaTacitus98 CEEarly Christian Writings: The Apostolic FathersVariousc. 1st–2nd century CEEssaysPlutarchc. 100 CE (Moralia)The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek LivesPlutarchc. 100 CEThe Fall of the Roman Republic: Six LivesPlutarchc. 100 CEThe Annals of Imperial RomeTacitusc. 109–117 CEThe Twelve CaesarsSuetoniusc. 121 CEMeditationsMarcus Aureliusc. 170–180 CEThe Golden AssApuleiusc. 170 CEGalen: Selected WorksGalenc. 160–210 CEEnneadsPlotinusc. 253-270The Early Christian CreedsVarious2nd-5th centuries CEThe History of the ChurchEusebiusc. 325 CEEarly Christian LivesAthanasius, Jerome and othersc. 356–420 CEOn the Making of ManGregory of Nyssac. 379Homilies on the StatuesJohn Chrysostom387 CEConfessionsAugustine of Hippoc. 397–400 CELife of St. MartinSulpitius Severus; Alexander Robertsc. 397; Roberts translation 1894Homilies on the Gospel of JohnAugustine of Hippoc. 406-420 CECity of GodAugustine of Hippo413–426 CESt. Patrick's WritingsPatrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan5th century; later legends 7th centuryThe Consolation of PhilosophyBoethiusc. 524 CEThe Rule of St BenedictBenedict of Nursiac. 530 CEThe KoranAnonymous (Islamic scripture)c. 610–632 CETwo Lives of CharlemagneEinhard and Notker the Stammererc. 830 / c. 885BeowulfAnonymousc. 8th-11th centuryThe Song of RolandAnonymousc. 1100Sermons on the Song of SongsBernard of Clairvaux1135-1153St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury MiraclesEdward Grim; Benedict of Peterborough; William of Canterbury tradition1170-1173; miracle collections late 12th centuryThe Lais of Marie de FranceMarie de Francec. 1170sThe NibelungenliedAnonymousc. 1200Early Franciscan SourcesFrancis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; othersc. 1209-1390St. Dymphna and the Geel ColonyPierre of Cambrai; Geel traditionc. 1247; Geel colony tradition from the Middle AgesThe Journey of the Mind into GodBonaventure1259Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician SaintsJacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle traditionlate antique cult; medieval miracle collectionsThe Golden Legend: Popular SaintsJacobus de Voragine; William Caxtonc. 1260 (Caxton translation 1483; Ellis edition 1900)De RegnoThomas Aquinasc. 1265-1266Summa TheologicaThomas Aquinas1265-1274The Divine ComedyDante Alighieric. 1308-1321St. Vitus and the Dancing ManiaVitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babingtonmedieval passion tradition; Hecker 1832, Babington translation 1833/1888Troilus and CriseydeGeoffrey Chaucerc. 1380sSir Gawain and the Green KnightAnonymouslate 14th centuryThe Trial of Joan of ArcJeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray1431; rehabilitation 1450-1456; Murray translation 1902Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague SaintsJacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotionc. 1260; Roch tradition c. 1478The PrinceNiccolo Machiavelli1513 (published 1532)Selected Sermons and Reformation TreatisesMartin Luther1517-1546The Art of WarNiccolo Machiavelli1521Selected SermonsHugh Latimer1548-1552Selected SermonsJohn Calvin1549-1564EssaysMichel de Montaigne1580-1595On FriendshipMichel de Montaigne1580 (Essays)A Midsummer Night's DreamWilliam Shakespearec. 1595EssaysFrancis Bacon1597-1625Twelfth NightWilliam Shakespearec. 1601Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes1605–1615King LearWilliam Shakespearec. 1606MacbethWilliam Shakespearec. 1606Novum OrganumFrancis Bacon1620The Anatomy of MelancholyRobert Burton1621Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent OccasionsJohn Donne1624 / 1631The Metaphysical PoetsVarious (ed. Helen Gardner)c. 1600–1680 (anthology 1957)Discourse on MethodRene Descartes1637Meditations on First PhilosophyRene Descartes1641The Passions of the SoulRene Descartes1649LeviathanThomas Hobbes1651The Misanthrope and Other PlaysMolière1666 (The Misanthrope)PenseesBlaise Pascal1670EthicsBaruch Spinoza1677PrincipiaIsaac Newton1687An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingJohn Locke1689Second Treatise of GovernmentJohn Locke1689Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal CharacterGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz1679-1703Persian LettersMontesquieu1721Gulliver's TravelsJonathan Swift1726A Modest ProposalJonathan Swift1729Autobiography and Poor Richard's AlmanackBenjamin Franklin1732-1790A Treatise of Human NatureDavid Hume1739-1740Selected SermonsGeorge Whitefield1739-1770Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful NarrativeJonathan Edwards1737 / 1741Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive PhysickJohn Wesley1746-1790Instructions for His GeneralsFrederick the Great1747 (Phillips translation 1944)An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingDavid Hume1748Candide: Or OptimismVoltaire1759The Social ContractJean-Jacques Rousseau1762Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American CrisisThomas Paine1776-1794The Founding DocumentsContinental Congress and United States Constitutional Convention1776-1791Thoughts on Government and Selected LettersJohn Adams1776-1826Dialogues Concerning Natural ReligionDavid Hume1779Critique of Pure ReasonImmanuel Kant1781 (revised 1787)ConfessionsJean-Jacques Rousseau1782-1789Groundwork of the Metaphysics of MoralsImmanuel Kant1785Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal ConventionJames Madison1785-1840Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson BibleThomas Jefferson1785-1820Early Black Church Sermons and AddressesVarious1787-1930The Anti-Federalist PapersVarious1787-1788The Federalist PapersAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay1787-1788A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in PhiladelphiaRichard Allen and Absalom Jones1794Farewell Address and Selected LettersGeorge Washington1775-1799A Treatise on InsanityPhilippe Pinel1801 (Davis trans. 1806)Letters of NapoleonNapoleon Bonaparte1796-1821Sense and SensibilityJane Austen1811Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the MindBenjamin Rush1812Description of the RetreatSamuel Tuke1813Pride and PrejudiceJane Austen1813Mansfield ParkJane Austen1814Northanger AbbeyJane Austen1817 (written c. 1798–1799)PersuasionJane Austen1817FrankensteinMary Shelley1818 (revised 1831)The World as Will and RepresentationArthur Schopenhauer1818 (expanded 1844)The VampyreJohn Polidori1819Napoleon's Maxims of WarNapoleon Bonaparte1827On WarCarl von Clausewitz1832Democracy in AmericaAlexis de Tocqueville1835 / 1840Lectures on Revivals of ReligionCharles Finney1835Mental MaladiesJean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol1838 (Hunt trans. 1845)The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of NantucketEdgar Allan Poe1838The Voyage of the BeagleCharles Darwin1839 (revised 1845)A Christmas CarolCharles Dickens1843Fear and TremblingSoren Kierkegaard1843Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical EngineAda Lovelace1843The Count of Monte CristoAlexandre Dumas1844–1846Mental Pathology and TherapeuticsWilhelm Griesinger1845 (English trans. 1867)Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?Frederick Douglass1845 / 1852Wuthering HeightsEmily Brontë1847The Communist ManifestoKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels1848White NightsFyodor Dostoyevsky1848David CopperfieldCharles Dickens1849–1850The Sickness Unto DeathSoren Kierkegaard1849The Scarlet LetterNathaniel Hawthorne1850Essays and AphorismsArthur Schopenhauer185112 Years a SlaveSolomon Northup1853RuthElizabeth Gaskell1853An Investigation of the Laws of ThoughtGeorge Boole1854Selected SermonsCharles Spurgeon1855-1892The Complete PoemsWalt Whitman1855–1892The WardenAnthony Trollope1855On LibertyJohn Stuart Mill1859On the Origin of SpeciesCharles Darwin1859UtilitarianismJohn Stuart Mill1861Fathers and SonsIvan Turgenev1862Passages from the Life of a PhilosopherCharles Babbage1864Crime and PunishmentFyodor Dostoevsky1866Little WomenLouisa May Alcott1868–1869Body and MindHenry Maudsley1870Selected SermonsDwight L. Moody1870-1899The Descent of ManCharles Darwin1871Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous SystemJean-Martin Charcot1872-1887 (English lectures 1877-1881)The Birth of TragedyFriedrich Nietzsche1872The Expression of the Emotions in Man and AnimalsCharles Darwin1872MemoirsWilliam Tecumseh Sherman1875The Adventures of Tom SawyerMark Twain1876The Meek OneFyodor Dostoyevsky1876Black BeautyAnna Sewell1877Daisy MillerHenry James1878A Doll's House and Other PlaysHenrik Ibsen1879The Brothers KaramazovFyodor Dostoevsky1880Washington SquareHenry James1880The Portrait of a LadyHenry James1881Selected Short StoriesGuy de Maupassant1880sThe Gay ScienceFriedrich Nietzsche1882 (expanded 1887)Thus Spoke ZarathustraFriedrich Nietzsche1883-1885Treasure IslandRobert Louis Stevenson1883Personal MemoirsUlysses S. Grant1885-1886Beyond Good and EvilFriedrich Nietzsche1886Psychopathia SexualisRichard von Krafft-Ebing1886 (Rebman English adaptation 1906)The Death of Ivan IlyichLeo Tolstoy1886On the Genealogy of MoralityFriedrich Nietzsche1887Ecce HomoFriedrich Nietzschewritten 1888; published 1908The AntichristFriedrich Nietzschewritten 1888; published 1895Twilight of the IdolsFriedrich Nietzsche1889The Principles of PsychologyWilliam James1890Billy Budd and Other StoriesHerman Melville1924 (written 1886–1891); stories 1850sEffi BriestTheodor Fontane1895Studies on HysteriaJosef Breuer and Sigmund Freud1895 (Brill English translation 1936/1937)DraculaBram Stoker1897The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern PapersHenry James1898 / 1888Heart of DarknessJoseph Conrad1899The Interpretation of DreamsSigmund Freud1899 (dated 1900)The River WarWinston Churchill1899Lord JimJoseph Conrad1900The Varieties of Religious ExperienceWilliam James1902Lectures on Clinical PsychiatryEmil Kraepelin1904 English translationThe Major Symptoms of HysteriaPierre Janet1907The Psychology of Dementia PraecoxC. G. Jung1907 (Peterson/Brill trans. 1909)Dementia Praecox or the Group of SchizophreniasEugen Bleuler1911 (English trans. 1950)The Secret GardenFrances Hodgson Burnett1911KokoroNatsume Sōseki1914The UnderdogsMariano Azuela1915My ÁntoniaWilla Cather1918PoemsGerard Manley Hopkins1918Siddhartha: An Indian TaleHermann Hesse1922Twenty Love Poems and a Song of DespairPablo Neruda1924WeYevgeny Zamyatinwritten 1920–1921; first published (English) 1924Complete PoemsDorothy Parker1926–1936 (collections)Seven Pillars of WisdomT. E. Lawrence1926Death Comes for the ArchbishopWilla Cather1927The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird StoriesH. P. Lovecraft1928 (title story)PassingNella Larsen1929Civilization and Its DiscontentsSigmund Freud1930On Formally Undecidable PropositionsKurt Godel1931The WavesVirginia Woolf1931Cold Comfort FarmStella Gibbons1932Testament of YouthVera Brittain1933BUtterfield 8John O'Hara1935On Computable Numbers and Computing MachineryAlan Turing1936 / 1950Of Mice and MenJohn Steinbeck1937The Cost of DiscipleshipDietrich Bonhoeffer1937Our TownThornton Wilder1938The Power and the GloryGraham Greene1940ChessStefan Zweig1942A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous ActivityWarren McCulloch and Walter Pitts1943Letters and Papers from PrisonDietrich Bonhoeffer1943-1945 (published 1951)The Portable Dorothy ParkerDorothy Parker1944 (collection)As We May ThinkVannevar Bush1945Cannery RowJohn Steinbeck1945First Draft of a Report on the EDVACJohn von Neumann1945The Portable FaulknerWilliam Faulkner1946 (ed. Malcolm Cowley)Alone in BerlinHans Fallada1947On Fairy-StoriesJ. R. R. Tolkien1947A Mathematical Theory of CommunicationClaude Shannon1938 / 1948CyberneticsNorbert Wiener1948Death of a SalesmanArthur Miller1949East of EdenJohn Steinbeck1952Excellent WomenBarbara Pym1952The Old Man and the SeaErnest Hemingway1952Twelve Angry MenReginald Rose1954 (teleplay)A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other StoriesFlannery O'Connor1955A View from the BridgeArthur Miller1955The Quiet AmericanGraham Greene1955On the RoadJack Kerouac1957A Burnt-Out CaseGraham Greene1960We Hold These TruthsJohn Courtney Murray1960Sermons and Letter from Birmingham JailMartin Luther King Jr.1955-1963I Am Prepared to DieNelson Mandela1964Dignitatis HumanaeSecond Vatican Council1965The Master and MargaritaMikhail Bulgakovwritten 1928–1940; published 1966–1967Travels with My AuntGraham Greene1969Humboldt's GiftSaul Bellow1975Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop BriefingsJohn Boyd1976-1995CeremonyLeslie Marmon Silko1977In PatagoniaBruce Chatwin1977Sixty StoriesDonald Barthelme1981The New York TrilogyPaul Auster1985–1986Centesimus AnnusJohn Paul II1991Long Walk to FreedomNelson Mandela1994Evangelium VitaeJohn Paul II1995Fides et RatioJohn Paul II1998The Art of the CommonplaceWendell Berry2002Regensburg LectureBenedict XVI2006

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